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There are 11 steps shown here, varying from simple operations to those with multiple options or alternatives.
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» How to Use AppRole Correctlyįor the process we’ll be walking through, refer to the diagram below taken from the Response Wrap the SecretID section of the AppRole Pull Authentication tutorial (we’ll cover what response wrapping is later):
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Many of the steps we’ll cover in the full AppRole procedure are intended to preserve one or the other of these attributes. Intended to be short-lived to reduce the window for compromise it may be valid for only seconds.Intended to be access-limited so it can be used only by authorized applications it may be usable by only a single application or even a single app instance.processes that manage roles rather than using them to authenticate). The Role ID is not sensitive and can be used for any number of instances of a given application you can hardcode it into things like VM or container images (though as a best practice, you should not provide it to processes that don’t need it, e.g. This pattern of authorization by using knowledge delivered just in time, in parts, through independent delivery paths should be familiar from standard multi-factor authentication methods: to log in to a service, you have an already-known identity, but you need a one-time-use token generated and delivered at the time you log in as well. Further, the Secret ID is delivered to the application only at the expected time of use (usually at application startup).
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The most essential feature of AppRole that makes it better than direct token assignment is that the credential is split into a Role ID and a Secret ID, delivered through different channels. Fortunately, Vault has an auth method that can give you many of the advantages of platform-based authentication even without native platform integration: AppRole lets you build a trusted broker for your applications easily and effectively. You might be in a cloud without any authentication plugin for Vault, or you might be using bare metal. Giving apps non-platform credentials is better (it associates identity with the application) but you still have secure-handling challenges.Īpplications authenticating through the platform is best, but not every platform has Vault auth integration. Giving apps a token from the sky is least-preferred - you have to guarantee secure delivery of that token yourself, and you also don’t get application identity association unless you establish it yourself via entity aliases for every app token you create.
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By bypassing authentication entirely and using a token provided directly to the application - what I call “tokens from the sky”.By using operator-provided non-platform authentication (usernames/passwords).By using underlying platform identity (cloud provider IAM roles, Kubernetes service accounts, etc.).Apps can resolve the dilemma, authenticate to Vault, and retrieve a token in one of three basic ways: | Medium » When You Need AppRole: Secret Zeroīefore applications can retrieve secrets from Vault, they need to be given a secret from which they can authenticate - this is a bit of a chicken-and-egg conundrum we refer to as the “secure introduction” or “secret zero” problem. Related Content How I’d attack your HashiCorp Vault (and how you can prevent me): System Hardening.